- hypothalamus as the name suggests is directly underneath the thalamus and it's directly above the pituitary
- borders of the hypothalamus can be drawn by a triangle
- line between the anterior commissure and a posterior commissure and it's called the ACPC line
- line between the anterior commissure and the optic chiasm roughly boarded by the lamina terminalis
- line between the chiasm and the posterior commissure
Video Link:Neurosurgery written board crash course - hypothalamus
- Relations:
- Anteriorly: lamina terminalis
- floor or inferior:
- floor of the third ventricle the
- Tuber cinerium
- mammillary bodies
- Superiorly: thalamus
- Laterally: internal capsule
- Medially: cavity of the third ventricle
- the hypothalamus can be subdivided into three major regions
- supraoptic region meaning that it is above the optic chiasm so if you draw a line coronal through this plane you get a bunch of nuclei that sits above the Chiasm namely
- super optic nuclei
- anterior nuclei
- Paraventricular nuclei
- Suprachiasmatic nuclei
- Tuberal region which is above the tuber cinerium and it's nuclei are
- ventral medial
- ventral dorsal nuclei
- arcuate nuclei
- mammillary region: the nuclei included in this plane are
- mammillary nucleus
- posterior nucleus
- Function of different nuclei
- paraventricular nucleus - oxytocin
- Supraoptic nucleus- ADH
- Destruction of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei causes diabetes insipidus.
- anterior nucleus - thermoregulation, reduces body temperature
- suprachiasmatic nuclei - circadian rhythm
- Dorsal medial nucleus
- ventral medial nucleus
- very important
- largest
- Satiety center
- arcuate nucleus
- also called the infundibular or paraventricular nucleus
- controls anterior pituitary
- Posterior nucleus - thermal regulation - increasing the body temperature
- Lateral hypothalamic nuclei - feeding Center
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